Izindaba

Amakamelo okuhlanza ayiqembu lezinsiza ezikhethekile ezinezidingo ezikhethekile zengqalasizinda, ukuqapha imvelo, umthamo wabasebenzi kanye nenhlanzeko. Umbhali: UDkt. Patricia Sitek, umnikazi we-CRK
Ukuba khona okukhulayo kwezindawo ezilawulwayo kuzo zonke izindawo zomkhakha kudala izinselelo ezintsha kubasebenzi abakhiqizayo ngakho-ke okulindelekile kubaphathi ukusebenzisa izindinganiso ezintsha.
Idatha eyahlukene ibonisa ukuthi ngaphezu kwama-80% wezigameko zamagciwane kanye nokweqiwa kothuli kubangelwa ukuba khona nemisebenzi yabasebenzi ezindlini ezihlanzekile. Ngempela, ukungena, ukushintshwa kanye nokuphathwa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe kanye nemishini kungabangela ukukhululwa kwezinhlayiya eziningi, okuholela ekudlulisweni kwama-biological agents kusuka ezindaweni zesikhumba kanye nezinto ezibonakalayo endaweni ezungezile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto zokusebenza ezifana namathuluzi, imikhiqizo yokuhlanza nezinto zokupakisha nazo zinomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kwegumbi lokuhlanza.
Njengoba izisebenzi ziwumthombo omkhulu wokungcola ezindlini ezihlanzekile, kubalulekile ukubuza ukuthi kungancishiswa kanjani ngempumelelo ukusabalala kwezinhlayiya eziphilayo nezingaphili ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ze-ISO 14644 ngesikhathi sokunyakaza kwezisebenzi endaweni yegumbi elihlanzekile.
Sebenzisa izingubo ezifanele ukuze uvimbele ukusabalala kwezinhlayiya kanye nama-microbial agents asuka ebusweni bemizimba yabasebenzi aye endaweni yokusebenza ezungezile.
Isici esibaluleke kakhulu ekuvimbeleni ukusabalala kokungcola ezindlini ezihlanzekile ukukhethwa kwezingubo ezihlanzekile ezifanele izinga lokuhlanzeka. Kulolu shicilelo sizogxila ezimpahleni ezingasetshenziswa kabusha ezikalwe nge-ISO 8/D ne-ISO 7/C, ezichaza izidingo zezinto zokwakha, ukuphefumula okungaphezulu kanye nomklamo othile.
Nokho, ngaphambi kokuthi sibheke izidingo zezingubo zegumbi elihlanzekile, sizoxoxa kafushane ngezimfuneko eziyisisekelo ze-ISO8/D kanye ne-ISO7/C zabasebenzi begumbi elihlanzekile.
Okokuqala, ukuze kuvinjwe ngempumelelo ukusabalala kokungcola endlini ehlanzekile, kuyadingeka ukuthi kuthuthukiswe futhi kusetshenziswe endaweni ehlanzekile ngayinye i-SOP enemininingwane (Inqubo Ejwayelekile Yokusebenza) echaza izimiso eziyisisekelo zokusebenza kwegumbi lokuhlanza enhlanganweni. Lezo zinqubo kufanele zibhalwe, zisetshenziswe, ziqondwe futhi zilandelwe ngolimi lwendabuko lwabasebenzisi. Okunye okubalulekile ekulungiseleleni ukuqeqeshwa okufanele kwabasebenzi abanomthwalo wemfanelo wokuqhuba indawo elawulwayo, kanye nemfuneko yokuhlolwa kodokotela okufanele kucatshangelwa izingozi ezibonakala endaweni yokusebenza. Ukuhlola izandla zezisebenzi ngokungahleliwe ukuthi zihlanzekile yini, ukuhlolelwa izifo ezithathelwanayo, ngisho nokuhlolwa kwamazinyo okuvamile kungenye nje yezinto “zokuzijabulisa” ezilindele abasanda kungena endlini yokuhlanza.
Ukungena egunjini lokuhlanza kungenwa i-airlock, eklanywe futhi ihlonyiselwe ukuvimbela ukungcoliswa, ikakhulukazi endleleni yokungena. Ngokuya ohlotsheni lokukhiqiza, sihlukanisa izingidi zomoya ngokuya ngamazinga akhulayo okuhlanzeka noma sengeze ama-airlock eshawa emakamelweni ahlanzekile.
Nakuba i-ISO 14644 inezidingo ezikhululeke ngokufanelekile zamazinga okuhlanzeka e-ISO 8 kanye ne-ISO 7, izinga lokulawula ukungcoliswa lisephezulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi imingcele yokulawula yezinhlayiya kanye nokungcola kwamagciwane kuphezulu kangangokuthi kulula ukunikeza umbono wokuthi sihlala siqapha ukungcola. Yingakho ukukhetha izingubo ezifanele zomsebenzi kuyingxenye ebalulekile yohlelo lokulawula ukungcola, ukuhlangabezana nokulindelwe kokududuza kuphela, kodwa nokuklama, izinto ezibonakalayo kanye nokuphefumula okulindelekile.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezingubo zokuzivikela kungavimbela ukusabalala kwezinhlayiya kanye nama-microbial agents asuka ebusweni bomzimba wabasebenzi aye endaweni yokusebenza ezungezile. Izinto ezivame kakhulu ezisetshenziselwa ukwenza izingubo zokuhlanza i-polyester. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinto ezisetshenziswayo zinothuli kakhulu futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ziphefumula ngokuphelele. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-polyester iyinto eyaziwayo enezinga eliphezulu lokuhlanzeka kwe-ISO, njengoba kudingwa iphrothokholi ye-CSM (Cleanroom Suitable Materials) ye-Fraunhofer Institute.
I-Carbon fiber isetshenziswa njengesengezo ekukhiqizeni izingubo ze-polyester cleanroom ukuze kuhlinzekwe ngezakhiwo ezengeziwe ze-antistatic. Inani labo ngokuvamile alidluli u-1% wesamba sengqikithi yezinto.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngenkathi ukukhetha umbala wezingubo ngokusekelwe ezingeni lokuhlanzeka kungase kungabi nomthelela oqondile ekuqaphelweni kokungcola, kungathuthukisa isiyalo somsebenzi futhi kuqaphe umsebenzi wezisebenzi endaweni yegumbi elihlanzekile.
Ngokusho kwe-ISO 14644-5:2016, izingubo zegumbi elihlanzekile akumele zigcine izinhlayiya zomzimba kubasebenzi kuphela, kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu, ziphefumulelwe, zikhululeke futhi zimelane nokuqhekeka.
I-ISO 14644 Ingxenye 5 (Isijobelelo B) sinikeza isiqondiso esinembile ngokusebenza, ukukhetha, izakhiwo zempahla, ukulingana nokuqedwa, ukunethezeka kwe-thermal, izinqubo zokuwasha nokomisa, kanye nezidingo zokugcinwa kwezingubo.
Kulolu shicilelo, sizokwethula ngezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zezingubo zegumbi elihlanzekile ezihlangabezana nezidingo ze-ISO 14644-5.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi izingubo ezilinganiselwe ze-ISO 8 (ezivamise ukubizwa ngokuthi “amaphijama”) kufanele zenziwe ngepolyester efakwe nge-carbon fibre, njengesudi noma ingubo. Ama-caps asetshenziselwa ukuvikela ikhanda angase alahlwe, kodwa ukusebenza kwawo kuvame ukuncishiswa ngenxa yokuthinteka ekulimaleni kwemishini. Khona-ke kufanele ucabange ngesivalo esisebenziseka kabusha.
Ingxenye ebalulekile yezingubo izicathulo, okumele, njengezingubo, zenziwe ngezinto ezikwazi ukumelana nemishini futhi zimelana nokukhululwa kokungcola. Ngokuvamile irabha noma into efanayo ihlangabezana nezidingo ze-ISO 14644.
Kunoma yikuphi, uma ukuhlaziywa kwengozi kubonisa ukuthi ekupheleni kwenqubo yokugqoka, amagilavu ​​okuzivikela agqokwa ukuze kuncishiswe ukusabalala kokungcola okuvela emzimbeni wesisebenzi endaweni yokusebenza.
Ngemva kokusetshenziswa, izingubo ezisebenziseka kabusha zithunyelwa endaweni yokuwasha ehlanzekile lapho ziwashwa futhi zomiswe ngaphansi kwezimo ze-ISO Class 5.
Njengoba amakilasi e-ISO 8 kanye ne-ISO 7 engadingi ukukhishwa inzalo kwezimpahla zokugqoka, izingubo ziyapakishwa futhi zithunyelwe kumsebenzisi ngokushesha ngemva kokoma.
Izimpahla ezilahlwayo azidingi ukuwashwa futhi zomiswe, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuyiphatha nokusungula inqubomgomo yokulahlwa kwemfucuza ngaphakathi kwenhlangano.
Izingubo ezingasetshenziswa kabusha zingasetshenziswa izinsuku ezingu-1-5, kuye ngokuthi yini ethuthukisiwe ohlelweni lokulawula ukungcola ngemva kokuhlaziywa kwengozi. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ungadluli isikhathi esiphezulu lapho izingubo zingasetshenziswa ngokuphepha, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zokukhiqiza lapho kudingeka khona ukulawula ukungcoliswa kwamagciwane.
Izingubo ezikhethwe kahle ezihlangabezana namazinga e-ISO 8 kanye ne-ISO 7 zingavimba ngempumelelo ukudluliswa kokungcola kwemishini kanye ne-microbiological. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kudinga ukuthi kubhekwe ezidingweni ze-ISO 14644, ukwenza ukuhlaziywa kwengozi yendawo yokukhiqiza, ukwakha uhlelo lokulawula ukungcoliswa kanye nokusebenzisa uhlelo ngokuqeqeshwa okufanele kwabasebenzi.
Ngisho nezinto ezinhle kakhulu kanye nobuchwepheshe obungcono kakhulu ngeke busebenze ngokugcwele ngaphandle uma inhlangano inezinhlelo zokuqeqesha zangaphakathi nangaphandle ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izinga elifanele lokuqwashisa kanye nesibopho liyathuthukiswa ngokuhambisana nohlelo lokulawula ukungcola.